Here's how to take the "blind guessing" out of coaching, payroll and prospect budgeting:
1) Coaching: you know who wants to return and what their demands are. You have the capability to evaluate each one prior to (or on) budget day to determine which ones you plan to rehire and how much they are going to cost That's half the battle. The other half is planning how much you are willing to spend on each remaining coaching role. Add it all up and round up to the next highest million, and voila! There's your coaching budget.
2) Payroll: you know your current payroll commitments. If you've got departing FA's, you know what their demands are and (hopefully) have an idea which ones you plan to resign. For arb guys, you know their arb demands and the long-term demands. Again, you hopefully know which ones you plan to keep, and you can decide whether or not to arb or LT them. For guys with mutual or team options, the same. You should have an idea of what you are looking for in the FA market this season, and can budget how much you plan to spend for each role you are trying to fill (e.g. RF, SP3, backup cather, etc.). Add up all the numbers, throw in a couple extra million for slush, and voila! There's your payroll budget.
3) Prospect: you know where you're drafting this year, and have a ballpark estimate of what your first rounder's will be looking for, based on experience. If you have departing type A/B FA's, ditto. You should have an idea of which ones are likely to be resigned, and which ones may not be. If you want to play in the IFA market, pick a number you want to allocate towards IFA. Add it all up, and voila! There's your prospect budget.