For the most part, you can look at previous season's development and project that out for future seasons.
For example: a player's rating in some category improves 8 points between S1 and S2, 6 points between S2 and S3, and 4 points between S3 and S4 (the current season). You can figure that, all else being equal (playing time, coaching, no major injuries), he's probably good for another 2 points this season, maybe another point next season, and then he's pretty much topped out.