Posted by cccp1014 on 12/18/2020 6:03:00 PM (view original):
Posted by tangplay on 12/18/2020 5:34:00 PM (view original):
How to reduce single parent births is a great example.
CCCP believes that we should pay teens thousands to avoid pregnancy. When asked for evidence that this program would be cost-efficient, he says it's simply a hypothesis but believes in it anyway.
Tang believes that we should enact a wide variety of programs like free birth control, comprehensive sex ed, and others to reduce unwanted births. When asked for evidence, he can provide dozens of studies from professors on these topics specifically backing up these policies as a solution to the problem.
This isn't a difficult evaluation to make. One person is coming to conclusions in a more reasonable manner.
Tang believes something that already exists. Andrew Yang wanted to give everyone $1,200 per month who weren't working. What was his proof? He actually ran on the hypothesis. What studies? Show me a control experiment where birth control was readily available vs. where it wasn't and show that single parent rates went down. I'll patiently wait. You're a moron.
Go to Andrew Yang's website, look up his UBI page and tell me how many sources are on there. You continuously make arguments that benefit my point. Andrew Yang cites studies and experiments to back up a UBI program.
I've already shown you those studies twice now. Here's to number three. Maybe you'll read them this time?
https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/access-to-free-birth-control-reduces-abortion-rates/
Unplanned pregnancies are a significant problem in the United States. According to a 2012 Brookings Institution report, more than 90 percent of abortions occur due to unintended pregnancy.
Each year, about 50 percent of all pregnancies that occur in the US are not planned, a number far higher than is reported in other developed countries. About half of these pregnancies result from women not using contraception and the other half from incorrect or irregular use.
A new study by investigators at Washington University reports that providing birth control to women at no cost substantially reduces unplanned pregnancies and cuts abortion rates by a range of 62 to 78 percent compared to the national rate.
Contraceptive choice
This study, called the Contraceptive CHOICE Project, enrolled 9,256 women and adolescents in the St. Louis area between 2007 and 2011. Participants were 14 to 45 years of age, at risk for unintended pregnancy and willing to start a new contraceptive method.
Participants had their choice of birth control methods, including:
longer-acting birth control such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants
shorter-acting methods like birth control pills, patches and rings.
The women were counseled about the different methods, including their effectiveness, risks and benefits. The extremely low failure rate (less than 1 percent) of IUDs and implants over that of shorter-acting forms (8-10 percent) was emphasized. In all, about 75 percent of women in the study chose IUDs or implants.
Drop in abortion rates
From 2008 to 2010, annual abortion rates among study participants ranged from 4.4 to 7.5 per 1,000 women. This is a substantial drop (ranging from 62 to 78 percent) compared to the national rate of 19.6 abortions per 1,000 women in 2008, the latest year for which figures are available.
“Unintended pregnancy remains a major health problem in the United States, with higher proportions among teenagers and women with less education and lower economic status,” says lead author Jeffrey Peipert, MD, PhD, a Washington University obstetrician and gynecologist at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. “The results of this study demonstrate that we can reduce the rate of unintended pregnancy, and this is key to reducing abortions in this country.”
https://khn.org/news/drop-in-teen-pregnancies-is-due-to-more-contraceptives-not-less-sex/
Teen pregnancy is way down. And a study suggests that the reason is increased, and increasingly effective, use of contraceptives.
From 2007 to 2013, births to teens age 15 to 19 dropped by 36 percent; pregnancies fell by 25 percent from 2007 to 2011, according to federal data.
But that wasn’t because teens were shunning sex. The amount of sex being had by teenagers during that time period was largely unchanged, says the study, which was published online in the Journal of Adolescent Health. And it wasn’t because they were having more abortions. Abortion has been declining among all age groups, and particularly among teenagers.
Rather, the researchers from the Guttmacher Institute and Columbia University found that “improvement in contraceptive use” accounted for the entire reduced risk of pregnancy over the five-year period.
https://labblog.uofmhealth.org/rounds/expanded-birth-control-coverage-may-help-reduce-disparities-unplanned-pregnancies
Nearly half of pregnancies in the U.S. are unplanned, and there’s a wide gap between the most affluent women who are likely to have access to the most reliable forms of birth control and those from lower income households.
But removing out-of-pocket costs for contraception may help reduce the income-related disparities that play such a significant role in unintended pregnancies, a new Michigan Medicine led study suggests.
The Affordable Care Act’s elimination of cost-sharing for birth control was associated with more consistent contraceptive use and a decrease in birth rates among all income groups, according to the research in JAMA Network Open.
But the most prominent decline was seen among people from the lowest income group, which saw a 22% drop in births from before and after the law’s implementation.
“Our findings suggest that expanded coverage of prescription contraception may be associated with a reduction in income-related disparities in unintended pregnancy rates,” says lead author Vanessa Dalton, M.D., M.P.H., obstetrician gynecologist at Michigan Medicine Von Voigtlander Women’s Hospital and researcher with the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation.
“Reducing unintended pregnancies improves the health of women, families and society.”
The ACA included contraception on its list of preventative services that most employer-sponsored insurance plans were required to provide without cost-sharing. This meant that many women had access to birth control, including the most reliable long-acting forms like intrauterine devices, without out-of-pocket costs like copayments or deductible payments.
Michigan researchers examined birth rates by income among 4.6 million women ages 15-45 covered by employer-sponsored health plans before the ACA’s elimination of cost sharing (2008-2013) and after (2014-2018).
In addition to lower birth rates, authors also reported a decrease in annual rates of women not filling a prescription method of contraception after 2014. The two lowest household income groups experienced a more rapid decrease than the higher income group.
The findings are consistent with previous studies showing that removing out-of-pocket costs for contraception is associated with increased consistent use of the most effective methods to prevent unplanned pregnancies, Dalton says.
“Contraception is a clinically efficient and cost effective strategy for reducing unintended pregnancy and helping individuals meet their reproductive life goals,” says Dalton, who is also the director of the U-M Program on Women’s Healthcare Effectiveness Research (PWHER.)
“Policies that eliminate cost sharing for contraception will help us achieve our clinical goals of ensuring that all families can decide whether and when to have children. This policy particularly benefits people with low incomes who may be more deterred by birth control prices and may have also had less comprehensive insurance coverage before the ACA.”
https://bixbycenter.ucsf.edu/news/over-counter-birth-control-would-reduce-unintended-pregnancies-save-money
About half of pregnancies in the U.S. are accidental, with inconsistent use and non-use of birth control being the leading causes. For some women, going to a healthcare provider to obtain a prescription stands in the way of using birth control. Making oral contraceptives available without a prescription has the potential to increase the number of women using this method and reduce gaps in use.
New research from the UCSF Bixby Center examines how non-prescription oral contraceptives might impact women's access, use and pregnancies, as well as public health costs. Using national and state data, the researchers found that if women were able to obtain oral contraceptives without a prescription as a covered health insurance benefit, there would be an 11 to 21 percent increase in the number of women using the Pill. As a result, the rate of accidental pregnancies in the U.S. would decrease by 7 to 25 percent.
The researchers also considered the public sector costs of providing oral contraceptives without a prescription and of providing medical care for unintended pregnancy. They found that the combined costs would be reduced for public health plans that chose to cover oral contraceptives without a prescription. Despite these cost savings, it is relatively uncommon for public health insurance to cover non-prescription methods of birth control.
“In the era of no-co-pay contraception, there is still a need for over-the-counter birth control to fill the gap when women run out of pills while traveling, for example, or for those who find it inconvenient to get to a clinic," study co-author Daniel Grossman said. "But to reach the largest number of women most in need, it's critical that a future [non-prescription] pill be covered by insurance.